vremenska prognoza

Vremenska prognoza Srbija, kakvo je vreme u Srbiji, vreme sutra u Beogradu ili vremenska prognoza Niš. Sve o vremenu u Srbiji saznajte na našem sajtu.

Klima Srbije predstavlja skup meteoroloških uticaja na teritoriji Republike Srbije u dužem vremenskom periodu. Klima je osnovni prirodni resurs koji je proizvod “klimatskog sistema”.

Za razumevanje klime u Srbiji, bitno je definisati klimatske elemente, tipove klime u Srbiji i njihov uticaj na savremeni život stanovnika Republike Srbije.

Vremenska prognoza Srbija i klimatski elementi

Za precizno određivanje klime jedne geografske celine neophodno je imati tačne podatke o glavnim meteorološkim elementima, kao što su:

temperatura vazduha

pravac i brzina vetra

vlažnost vazduha

oblačnost

vazdušni pritisak

osunčanost

količina atmosferskih padavina

Ti podaci se precizno mere na meteorološkim stanicama širom Srbije i zatim šalju u Republički Hidrometerološki zavod (RHMZ) gde se sortirtaju, obrađuju, analiziraju i interpretiraju. Klima u Srbiji direktno zavisi od mnogih faktora, od kojih su najznačajniji:

reljef

geografska širina i dužina

blizina velikih vodenih površina

rastojanje od vazdušnih masa sa različitim fizičkim osobinama

Reljef je kompleks oblika nastalih pod uticajem unutrašnjih i spoljašnjih sila. Odlike reljefa u velikoj meri određuju klimu i mikroklimu, kao i glavne specifičnosti pokrivača zemlje i vrste i rasprostranjenost vegetacije. Esencijalni elementi reljefa koji direktno utiču na klimu su pre svega nadmorska visina, zatim pravac pružanja planinskih lanaca u odnosu na vazdušne mase, kao i ekspozicija i raščlanjenost reljefa.

Školski primer značaja reljefa su Dinarske planine, koje zbog svog paralelnog položaja u odnosu na jadransku obalu ne dozvoljavaju vlažnim masama dublji prodor u unutrašnjost kopna. Ali duž rečnih tokova koji na mnogim mestima oštro presecaju planinske masive vazdušne mase mogu da prodru dalje ka unutrašnjosti.

U Srbiji egzistiraju kontinentalna klima na njenom severu, sa suvom i hladnom zimom i toplim i vlažnim letom, pri čemu su padavine umerene i dobro raspoređene, i elementi mediteranske klime na jugu sa veoma toplim i suvim periodom u leto i jesen i relativno hladnim i kišovitim zimama, dok su planine često zatrpane snegom.

Pošto zauzima središnji deo severne hemisfere našu klimu određuju relativno umerene karakteristike. Na nju utiču razne vazdušne mase sa severa i severoistoka evroazijskog kopna, koje su naravno suve i hladne, zatim tople vazdušne mase koje dolaze sa juga, sa prostora Sahare i na kraju vlažne vazdušne mase sa Atlantika, koje donose značajan deo vlažnosti iako je udaljenost Srbije od Atlanskog okeana oko 1,800 km.

Uticaj vodenih površina na klimu je izuzetan. To se posebno odnosi na mikroklimu i klimu na lokalnom nivou. Vodene površine osim što prouzrokuju čestu pojavu magle, takođe utiču na rast relativne vlažnosti vazduha i značajno ublažavaju temperaturne oscilacije.

Moramo uzeti u obzir uticaj prirodne i kultivisane vegetacije, šumskih površina i livada na mikroklimu. Peskovito, kamenito ili potpuno ogoljeno područje se leti brže zagreje, a zimi se brže ohladi, što ima veoma značajan uticaj na klimu.

I dolazimo do možda najznačajnijeg klimatskog faktora u moderno vreme, a to je čovek. Na žalost taj uticaj često nije pozitivan. Eksplozivan razvoj industrije i veoma intenzivan avio saobraćaj u poslednjih nekoliko decenija su uzrokovali oslobađanje enormnih količina ugljen-dioksida u atmosferu.

Osim neizbežnih oštećenja ozonskog omotača, te promene su dramatično uticale na i pojavu globalnog zagrevanja. Takve promene se osećaju i globalno i lokalno. Činjenica je da su veliki gradovi sa milionskim stanovništvom jednostavno pretvoreni u urbana ostrva toplote.

Tipovi klime u Srbiji

U Srbiji su identifikovana tri klimatska tipa: kontinentalni, umerenokontinentalni i izmenjenosredozemni.

Kontinentalna Klima u Srbiji

Kontinentalna klima je karakteristična za Panonsku niziju i u njenom obodnom delu ispod nadmorske visine od 800m. Razdelnik kontinentalne i umerenokontinentalne klime je tok Zapadne Morave, zatim u dolini Južne Morave ta granica dalje ide Leskovačkom kotlinom i dolinom Nišave.

U ovom tipu klime leta su topla, zime oštre a proleće je hladnije od jeseni. Srednja godišnja temperatura raste od severa ka jugu, pa je na primer na Paliću 10.5C, a u Beogradu 11.8C. Takođe temperature rastu i od zapada ka istoku, pa je tako u Sremskoj Mitrovici 10.8C, a Jaša Tomić ima 11.2C. U obodnom delu Panonske nizije srednje godišnje temperature su ispod 10C.

Ključni element klime ovog područja Srbije je Košava, vetar koji menja pravac duvanja zavisno od reljefa. Osim Košave, kao najjačeg vetra, u hladnijem delu godine se često pojavljuje severac, koji je zaslužan za hladnije vreme. U letnjem periodu su dominantni vetrovi koji donose padavine i dolaze sa zapada i severozapada.

Godišnja osunčanost je od 2,000 do 2,230 časova. Prosečna oblačnost je oko pet desetina pokrivenosti neba oblacima. Izmerena godišnja količina padavina u ovom klimatskom pojasu je između 600 i 700 mm.

Poljoprivredna proizvodnja je izuzetno razvijena pošto je raspored padavina takav da potpuno odgovara kultivisanim biljkama jer dobijaju padavine kad su im najpotrebnije, odnosno u prvom delu vegetacionog perioda. Sneg najčešće pada od novembra do marta a najveće snežne padavine su gotovo uvek zabeležene u januaru.

Vremenska prognoza Srbija po gradovima

Umerenokontinentalna klima u Srbiji

Umerenokontinentalna klima nastupa južnije od granice sa kontinenalnom klimom. Tek na visinama iznad 1,400 m imamo planinsku klima sa veoma dugom, hladnom i oštrom zimom, mnogo snega i svežim i kratkim letom.

Umerenokontinentalni tip klime ima suva i umereno topla leta a jesen je toplija od proleća. Srednja godišnja temperatura opada sa visinom, tako da na svakih 100m nadmorske visine, temperatura pada za 0.6C. U ovom klimatskom pojasu su zabeležene najniže temperature u Srbiji. Nedaleko od Sjenice, na Pešterskoj visoravni je 26. Januara 2006 izmerena najniža ikada zabeležena temperatura u Srbiji, od kada se provode merenja, od -39C. To je najhladniji deo Srbije. U Sjeničkoj kotlini, koja je iznad 1,000m nadmorske visine se često zadrži hladan vazduh koji uzrokuje veoma niske temperature.

Dominantni vetrovi u umerenokontinentalnoj klimi su severni, istočni i severozapadni. Oblačnost je oko šest desetina pokrivenosti neba. Godišnja osunčanost je od 1,500 do 2,000 časova. Izmerena prosečna godišnja količina padavina u ovom klimatskom pojasu je između 1,000 i 1,350 mm. Reljef predominantno utiče na količinu padavina.

Sneg se najduže zadržava na većim nadmorskim visinama. Preko 150 dana godišnje sa snežnim pokrivačem je zabeležno na Šar Planini i Kopaoniku. Interesantna varijacija ove klime je Župska klima u Aleksandrovačkoj kotlini, koje se formira u predelu okruženom planinama i dobro zaštićenom od severnog vetra.

Zbog dužeg zadržavanja vazduha u kotlinama, on se zagreva i kao rezultat u toj oblasti je toplije nego u planinskom okruženju. Ovaj tip klime je takođe prisutan i u Vranjskoj kotlini i u još nekoliko manjih kotlina. Takva klima izuzetno pogoduje razvoju vinogradarstva i voćarstva.

Izmenjenosredozemna klima

Na širem prostoru Metohijske kotline, niz dolinu Belog Drima se oseća uticaj izmenjenosredozemne klime. Taj tip klime je takođe prisutan u nižim delovima Šar-planine i Prokletija.

Najtoplije je u Prizrenu, sa srednjom godišnjom temperaturom od 11.8C. Izuzetna karakteristika ove klime je da tokom zimskim meseci, živa nikad ne silazi ispod nultog podeoka. Padavine su intenzivnije u zapadnom delu (Dečani sa 1,170 mm) nego u istočnom (Vučitrn sa 600 mm). U samom podnožju Prokletija se nalazi i mesto Junik, na nadmorskoj visini od 530m, gde je izmerena najveća prosečna količina padavina u Srbiji od 1,417 mm.

Ključni elementi izmenjenosredozemne klime omogućavaju da se osim ratarstva, u ovom području stanovništo izuzetno uspešno bavi i voćarstvom i vinogradarstvom.

Vremenska prognoza Srbija i savremeni život

Tip klime direktno određuje rasprostranjenost poljoprivrednih kultura, što je izuzetno važno za čoveka. Klima ima snažan uticaj na turizam, saobraćaj, energetiku i mnoge druge oblasti.

Povoljna klima je osnova za ozbiljan razvoj različitih vrsta turističke delatnosti. Centralni turistički sadržaji u Srbiji su koncentrisani na planinama ( Kopaonik i Zlatibor), banjama, kao i pored reka i jezera, i za uspeh turističke ponude, klima je izuzetno važna.

Nepovoljna klima stvara velike teškoće u suvozemnom, rečnom ili vazdušnom saobraćaju. Visoke ili niske temperature znatno oštećuju saobraćajnu infrastrukturu. Neke klimatske pojave, kao na primer magla, ometaju sve oblike saobraćaja. Poledicu na putevima stvaraju niske temperature, kao i led na određenim vodenim površinama, što sve utiče negativno na saobraćaj, a samim tim i na privredu i ekonomski razvoj.

U moderno vreme se neki od klimatskih elemanata koriste u proizvodnji energije, kao što se na primer snaga vetra korsti za pokretanja vetrenjača. Takođe i solarna energija, koja se dobija putem solarnih kolektora, je vid ekološki čiste i praktično neiscrpne energije koji treba sve više da koristimo.

Stanovništvo bira povoljniju klimu za život, tako da je logično da su najgušće naseljeni delovi Srbije u nižim predelima, a kako se klimatski uslovi pogoršavaju, na većim nadmorskim visinama gustina stanovništva se smanjuje. Poznato je da su poplave rezultat velikih padavina a suše nastaju usled visokih temperatura bez padavina u dužem vremenskom periodu.

Negativan uticaj na poljoprivredne useve imaju gradonosni oblaci, razorni vetrovi ili rani prolećni mrazovi, tako da klima konstantno, direktno i značajno utiče na čoveka i njegov kvalitet života.

izvor: vremesutra.rs

By Admin

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